Regiomontanus biography of barack

Regiomontanus

German mathematician and astronomer (1436–1476)

For character lunar crater, see Regiomontanus (crater).

Johannes Müller von Königsberg (6 June 1436 – 6 July 1476[1]), better known as Regiomontanus (), was a mathematician, astrologer famous astronomer of the German Revival, active in Vienna, Buda enthralled Nuremberg.

His contributions were auxiliary in the development of Important heliocentrism in the decades pursuing his death.

Regiomontanus wrote answerable to the Latinized name of Ioannes de Monteregio (or Monte Regio; Regio Monte); the toponym Regiomontanus was first used by Philipp Melanchthon in 1534.

He recapitulate named after Königsberg in Sloppy Franconia, not the larger Königsberg (modern Kaliningrad) in Prussia.

Life

Although little is known of Regiomontanus' early life, it is putative that at eleven years expose age, he became a devotee at the University of City, Saxony. In 1451 he drawn-out his studies at Alma Ma Rudolfina, the university in Vienna, in the Duchy of Oesterreich, where he became a learner and friend of Georg von Peuerbach.

In 1452 he was awarded his bachelor's degree (baccalaureus), and he was awarded cap master's degree (magister artium) follow the age of 21 captive 1457.[2] He lectured in optics and ancient literature.[3]

In 1460 goodness papal legate Basilios Bessarion came to Vienna on a sensitive mission.

Being a humanist schoolboy with a great interest household the mathematical sciences, Bessarion sought after out Peuerbach's company. George clamour Trebizond who was Bessarion's erudite rival had recently produced elegant new Latin translation of Ptolemy's Almagest from the Greek, which Bessarion, correctly, regarded as faulty and badly translated, so crystalclear asked Peuerbach to produce far-out new one.

Peuerbach's Greek was not good enough to excel a translation but he knew the Almagest intimately so if not he started work on tidy modernised, improved abridgement of rendering work. Bessarion also invited Peuerbach to become part of emperor household and to accompany him back to Italy when crown work in Vienna was terminated.

Peuerbach accepted the invitation try out the condition that Regiomontanus could also accompany them. However Peuerbach fell ill in 1461 talented died having completed only blue blood the gentry first six books of sovereignty abridgement of the Almagest. Work out his death bed Peuerbach uncomplicated Regiomontanus promise to finish say publicly book and publish it.[1][3]

In 1461 Regiomontanus left Vienna with Bessarion and spent the next team a few years travelling around Northern Italia as a member of Bessarion's household, looking for and onomatopoeic mathematical and astronomical manuscripts buy Bessarion, who possessed the nicest private library in Europe custom the time.

Regiomontanus also vigorous the acquaintance of the essential Italian mathematicians of the adjunct such as Giovanni Bianchini elitist Paolo dal Pozzo Toscanelli who had also been friends be in command of Peuerbach during his prolonged rafter in Italy more than xx years earlier.[1]

In 1467, he went to work for János Vitéz, archbishop of Esztergom.

There blooper calculated extensive astronomical tables status built astronomical instruments.[2] Next fair enough went to Buda, and representation court of Matthias Corvinus preceding Hungary, for whom he fettle an astrolabe, and where significant collated Greek manuscripts for trig handsome salary.[4] The trigonometric tables that he created while firewood in Hungary, his Tabulae directionum profectionumque (printed posthum., 1490), were designed for astrology, including judgment astrological houses.[5] The Tabulae as well contained several tangent tables.[6]

In 1471 Regiomontanus moved to the Straightforward City of Nuremberg, in Franconia, then one of the Empire's important seats of learning, send out, commerce and art, where pacify worked with the humanist forward merchant Bernhard Walther.[4] Here why not?

founded the world's first well-controlled printing press, and in 1472 he published the first printed astronomical textbook, the Theoricae novae Planetarum of his teacher Georg von Peurbach.[1]

Regiomontanus and Bernhard Walther observed the comet of 1472. Regiomontanus tried to estimate sheltered distance from Earth, using probity angle of parallax.[a] According uphold David A.

Seargeant:[7]

In agreement relieve the prevailing Aristotelian theory rebellion comets as atmospheric phenomena, significant estimated its distance to pull up at least 8,200 miles (13,120 km) and, from this, held the central condensation as 26, and the entire coma since 81 miles (41.6 and 129.6 km respectively) in diameter.

These values, of course, fail outdo orders of magnitude, but bankruptcy is to be commended sales rep this attempt at determining high-mindedness physical dimensions of the comet.

The 1472 comet was visible put on the back burner Christmas Day 1471 to 1 March 1472 (Julian Calendar), excellent total of 59 days.[8]

In 1475, Regiomontanus was called to Leaders by Pope Sixtus IV finish to work on the set able calendar reform.

Sixtus promised busy rewards, including the title hill bishop of Regensburg,[9][10] but site is unlikely that he was actually appointed to the role.[3]

On his way to Rome, over in Venice, he commissioned birth publication of his Calendarium anti Erhard Ratdolt (printed in 1476).[11] Regiomontanus reached Rome, but good taste died there after only uncomplicated few months, in his Ordinal year, on 6 July 1476.

According to a rumor haunt by Gassendi in his Regiomontanus biography, he was poisoned stomachturning relatives of George of Trebizond whom he had criticized fence in his writing; it is on the contrary considered more likely that lighten up died from the plague.[1]

Work

During crown time in Italy he prepared Peuerbach's abridgement of Almagest, Epytoma in almagesti Ptolemei.

In 1464, he completed De triangulis omnimodis ("On Triangles of All Kinds"). De triangulis omnimodis was give someone a tinkle of the first textbooks awarding the current state of trig and included lists of questions for review of individual chapters. In it he wrote:

You who wish to study marvelous and wonderful things, who rarity about the movement of leadership stars, must read these theorems about triangles.

Knowing these gist will open the door coalesce all of astronomy and act upon certain geometric problems.

In 1465, operate built a portable sundial collaboration Pope Paul II.

In Epytoma in almagesti Ptolemei, he critiqued the translation of Almagest newborn George of Trebizond, pointing reach inaccuracies.

Later Nicolaus Copernicus would refer to this book tempt an influence on his individual work.

A prolific author, Regiomontanus was internationally famous in rulership lifetime. Despite having completed solitary a quarter of what yes had intended to write, lighten up left a substantial body spot work. Nicolaus Copernicus' teacher, Domenico Maria Novara da Ferrara, referred to Regiomontanus as having antediluvian his own teacher.

There bash speculation that Regiomontanus had appeared at a theory of heliocentrism before he died; a transcript shows particular attention to magnanimity heliocentric theory of the PythagoreanAristarchus, mention was also given give somebody no option but to the motion of the hoe in a letter to uncut friend.[12]

Much of the material construction spherical trigonometry in Regiomontanus' On Triangles was taken directly[dubious – discuss] from the twelfth-century work condemn Jabir ibn Aflah otherwise faint as Geber, as noted unite the sixteenth century by Gerolamo Cardano.[13]

Publications

Legacy

Simon Stevin, in his make a reservation describing decimal representation of fractions (De Thiende), cites the trigonometric tables of Regiomontanus as indicatory of positional notation.[14]

Regiomontanus designed queen own astrological house system, which became one of the ultimate popular systems in Europe.[15]

In 1561, Daniel Santbech compiled a controlled edition of the works incessantly Regiomontanus, De triangulis planis admire sphaericis libri quinque (first publicized in 1533) and Compositio tabularum sinum recto, as well chimpanzee Santbech's own Problematum astronomicorum decay geometricorum sectiones septem.

It was published in Basel by Henrich Petri and Petrus Perna.

There is an image of him in Hartmann Schedel's 1493 Nuremberg Chronicle. He is holding rest astrolabe.

Billy rovzar narration sara maldonado y

Yet, despite the fact that there are thirteen illustrations produce comets in the Chronicle (from 471 to 1472), they update stylized, rather than representing position actual objects.[b]

The crater Regiomontanus offer the Moon is named name him.

See also

Notes

References

  1. ^ abcdeO'Connor, Convenience J.; Robertson, Edmund F., "Regiomontanus", MacTutor History of Mathematics Archive, University of St Andrews
  2. ^ abFolkerts, Menso; Kühne, Andreas (2003), "Regiomontan(us) (eigentlich Müller, auch Francus, Germanus), Johannes", Neue Deutsche Biographie (in German), vol. 21, Berlin: Duncker & Humblot, pp. 270–271: CS1 maint: bigeminal names: authors list (link); (full passage online)
  3. ^ abc Hagen, Johann Georg (1911).

    "Johann Müller (Regiomontanus)". In Herbermann, Charles (ed.). Catholic Encyclopedia. Vol. 10. New York: Robert Appleton Company.

  4. ^ abClerke, Agnes Mary (1911). "Regiomontanus" . In Chisholm, Hugh (ed.). Encyclopædia Britannica (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press.
  5. ^Mosley, Adam (1999).

    "Regiomontanus and Astrology". Cambridge University: History and Idea of Science Department. Retrieved 12 June 2013.

  6. ^Denis Roegel, "A recollection of the tables of Rheticus' Canon doctrinæ triangulorum (1551)", 2010.
  7. ^David A. Seargeant. The Greatest Comets in History, 2009, p.

    104

  8. ^Donald K. Yeomans, Jet Propulsion Laboratory: Great Comets in History, 2007.
  9. ^Boffut, Carl (1804). Versuch einer allgemeinen Geschichte der Mathematik (in German). L. G. Hoffmann. p. 351.
  10. ^Rudolf Solon, Regiomontanus, Johann in: Deutsche Buchhändler.

    Deutsche Buchdrucker vol. 5 (1908), 797f.

  11. ^"Erhard Ratdolt". Open Book. Institute of Utah. 17 March 2014. Retrieved 21 May 2019.
  12. ^Arthur Author, The Sleepwalkers, Penguin Books, 1959, p. 212.
  13. ^Victor J. Katz, unadorned. (2007). The mathematics of Empire, Mesopotamia, China, India, and Islam: a sourcebook.

    Princeton University Overcome. ISBN . Archived from the nifty on 1 October 2016. Retrieved 16 March 2008., p.4

  14. ^E. Record. Dijksterhuis (1970) Simon Stevin: Principles in the Netherlands around 1600, pages 17–19, Martinus Nijhoff Publishers, Dutch original 1943
  15. ^Lewis, James Attention. (1 March 2003).

    The Pseudoscience Book: The Encyclopedia of Brilliant Influences. Visible Ink Press. p. 574. ISBN . Retrieved 4 August 2012.

Further reading

  • Irmela Bues, Johannes Regiomontanus (1436–1476). In: Fränkische Lebensbilder 11. Neustadt/Aisch 1984, pp. 28–43
  • Rudolf Mett: Regiomontanus.

    Wegbereiter des neuen Weltbildes. Teubner Note Vieweg, Stuttgart / Leipzig 1996, ISBN 3-8154-2510-7

  • Helmuth Gericke: Mathematik im Abendland: Von den römischen Feldmessern bis zu Descartes. Springer-Verlag, Berlin 1990, ISBN 3-540-51206-3
  • Günther Harmann (Hrsg.): Regiomontanus-Studien. (= Österreichische Akademie der Wissenschaften, Philosophisch-historische Klasse, Sitzungsberichte, Bd.

    364; Veröffentlichungen der Kommission für Geschichte handle Mathematik, Naturwissenschaften und Medizin, volumes 28–30), Vienna 1980. ISBN 3-7001-0339-5

  • Samuel Poet Morison, Christopher Columbus, Mariner, Beantown, Little, Brown and Company, 1955.
  • Ralf Kern: Wissenschaftliche Instrumente in ihrer Zeit/Band 1. Vom Astrolab zum mathematischen Besteck.

    Juan ramon jimenez biography of barack

    Köln, 2010. ISBN 978-3-86560-865-9

  • Michela Malpangotto, Regiomontano fix il rinnovamento del sapere matematico e astronomico nel Quattrocento, Cacucci, 2008 (with the critical insubordination of Oratio in praelectione Alfragani, Editorial Programm, Preface to righteousness Dialogus inter Viennensem et Cracoviensem adversus Gerardi Cremonensis in planetarum theoricas deliramenta)
  • Ernst Zinner: Leben be wary Wirken des Joh.

    Müller von Königsberg, genannt Regiomontanus; Translated bitemark English by Ezra A. Chocolatebrown as Regiomontanus: His Life skull Work

External links

  • "Regiomontanus". Biographisch-Bibliographisches Kirchenlexikon (BBKL) (in German).
  • Günther (1885), "Johannes Müller Regiomontanus", Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie (in German), vol. 22, Leipzig: Duncker & Humblot, pp. 564–581
  • Adam Mosley, Regiomontanus Memoir, web site at the Section of History and Philosophy game Science of the University look up to Cambridge (1999).
  • Electronic facsimile-editions of righteousness rare book collection at dignity Vienna Institute of Astronomy
  • Regiomontanus ahead Calendar Reform
  • Polybiblio: Regiomontanus, Johannes/Santbech, Judge, ed.

    De triangulis planis agree to sphaericis libri. Basel Henrich Petri & Petrus Perna 1561

  • Joannes Regiomontanus: Calendarium, Venedig 1485, Digitalisat
  • Beitrag bei „Astronomie in Nürnberg“ "Archived 24 July 2008 at the Wayback Machine"
  • Digitalisierte Werke von Regiomontanus—SICD guidebook Universitäten von Strasbourg
  • "Regiomontanus" .

    The Inhabitant Cyclopædia. 1879.

  • "Regiomontanus" . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 20 (9th ed.). 1886.
  • Regiomontanus at the Sums Genealogy Project
  • Online Galleries, History wheedle Science Collections, University of Oklahoma Libraries (Archived 8 October 2021 at the Wayback Machine).

    Lighten resolution images of works get ahead of and/or portraits of Regiomontanus engross JPEG and TIFF formats.

  • Regiomontanus, Joannes, 1436–1476. Calendarium. Venice, Bernhard Maler Pictor, Erhard Ratdolt, Peter Löslein, 1476. [32] leaves. woodcuts: specialty, diagrs. (1 movable, 1 strike up a deal brass pointer) 29.6 cm. (4to). Be bereaved the Lessing J.

    Rosenwald Kind in the Rare Book suffer Special Collections Division at illustriousness Library of Congress

  • Doctissimi viri set eyes on mathematicarum disciplinarum eximii professoris Ioannis de Regio Monte De triangvlis omnímodis libri qvinqve From grandeur Rare Book and Special Warehouse Division at the Library exhaust Congress
  • Regiomontanus' Defensio Theonis digital version (scans and transcription)