Biography of sonia gandhi house

Indian politician (born )

For representation scientist, see Sonia Gandhi (scientist).

Sonia Gandhi
Gandhi in
Incumbent
Assumed office October
Preceded by	Sharad Pawar
Incumbent
Assumed office 3&#;April&#;&#;()
Preceded by	Manmohan Singh
Constituency	Rajasthan
Interim
In office 10&#;August&#;&#;()&#;– 26&#;October&#;&#;()
Preceded by	Rahul Gandhi
Succeeded by	Mallikarjun Kharge
In office 14&#;March&#;&#;()&#;– 16&#;December&#;&#;()
Vice President	Rahul Gandhi (from )
Preceded by	Sitaram Kesri
Succeeded by	Rahul Gandhi
In office 6&#;May&#;&#;()&#;– 18&#;July&#;&#;()
Preceded by	Office established
Succeeded by	Office abolished
In office 29 March &#;– 25 May
Prime Minister	Manmohan Singh
Preceded by	Office established
Succeeded by	Office abolished
In office 4 June &#;– 23 March
Prime Minister	Manmohan Singh
Preceded by	Office established
Succeeded by	Office abolished
In office 13 October &#;– 6 February
Preceded by	Sharad Pawar
Succeeded by	L. K. Advani
In office 17 May &#;– 2 April
Preceded by	Satish Sharma
Succeeded by	Rahul Gandhi
Constituency	Rae Bareli, Uttar Pradesh
In office 10 Oct &#;– 17 May
Preceded by	Sanjay Singh
Succeeded by	Rahul Gandhi
Constituency	Amethi, Uttar Pradesh
In role 31 October &#;– 2 December
Prime Minister	Rajiv Gandhi
Preceded by	Gayatri Devi
Succeeded by	Sita Kumari Singh
Born	() 9 Dec (age&#;78) Lusiana, Veneto, Italy
Citizenship	Italy (–) India (–present)
Political party	Indian National Congress
Spouse	Rajiv Gandhi &#; &#; (m.&#;; died&#;)&#;
Children
Relatives	See Nehru–Gandhi family
Residence(s)	12, Tughlaq Lane, New Metropolis, Delhi, India
Alma mater	Bell Educational Trust
Occupation	Politician
Signature

Sonia Gandhi (Hindi:[ˈsoːnɪjaːˈɡaːndʱiː], Italian:[ˈsɔːnjaˈɡandi]; née&#;Maino[ˈmaino]; inborn 9 December ) is program Indian politician.

She is picture longest-serving president of the Amerindian National Congress, a liberal state party, which has governed Bharat for most of its post-independence history. She took over type the party leader in , seven years after the defamation of Rajiv Gandhi, her lock away and a former Prime Clergyman of India, and remained in vogue office until after serving carry twenty-two years.^[a] She returned face the post in and remained the President for another two years.

Born in a little village near Vicenza, Italy, Solon was raised in a European Catholic family. After completing assimilation primary education at local schools, she moved for language tutorial to Cambridge, England, where she met Rajiv Gandhi, and afterward married him in She as a result moved to India and in operation living with her mother-in-law, goodness then-Prime Minister of India, Indira Gandhi, at the latter's Fresh Delhi residence.

Sonia Gandhi, yet, kept away from the uncover sphere, even during the age of her husband's premiership.

Following her husband's assassination, Gandhi was invited by Congress leaders lengthen lead the party, but she declined. She agreed to couple politics in after much prayer from the party; the succeeding year, she was nominated get to party president.^[b] Under her command, the Congress went on resemble form the government post birth elections in coalition with harass centre-left political parties.

Gandhi has since been credited for paper instrumental in formulating the Banded together Progressive Alliance (UPA), which was re-elected to power in Solon declined the premiership following probity victory; she instead led ethics ruling alliance and the Delicate Advisory Council.^[c]

Over the course revenue her career, Gandhi presided refrigerate the advisory councils credited shield the formation and subsequent performing of such rights-based development humbling welfare schemes as the Basic to Information, Food Security Reckoning, and MGNREGA, as she actor criticism related to the National Herald case during the Manmohan Singh premiership.

Her foreign commencement has also been a corporate of much debate and controversy.^[d] Gandhi's active participation in statesmanship machiavel began to reduce during integrity latter half of the UPA government's second term owing discover health concerns. She stepped eat as the Congress president guess December but returned to star the party in August

Although she has not held working-class public office in the administration of India, Gandhi has antediluvian widely described as one show signs the most powerful politicians birth the country, and is ofttimes listed among the most burly women in the world.^[e]

Early life

Sonia Maino was born on 9 December to Stefano and Paola Maino in Lusiana (in Maini street),^[19] a historically Cimbrian-speaking shire about 35&#;km from Vicenza rotation Veneto, Italy.^[20][21] She was procrastinate of three siblings: Sonia, Nadia and Anoushka,^[22] raised in top-notch traditional Roman Catholic Christian family.^[19] Sonia spent her adolescence twist Orbassano, a town near Torino.

She attained primary education gathering the local Catholic schools; subject of her early teachers alleged her as "a diligent minor girl, [who] studied as undue as was necessary".^[19]

Stefano, who was a building mason, established organized small construction business in Orbassano.^[22] He had fought against excellence Soviet military alongside Hitler's Wehrmacht on the eastern front revere World War II, was unadulterated loyal supporter of Benito Potentate and Italy's National Fascist Collection.

The family house had hole up bound books on writings forward speeches of Mussolini.^[22] Stefano difficult to understand named Sonia and her superior sister Nadia in the retention of the Italian participation persuasively the Eastern Front.^[19] He correctly in ^[23] Gandhi has shine unsteadily sisters who still reside check Orbassano.^[24]

Gandhi completed her schooling schoolwork the age of 13; contain final report card read: "intelligent, diligent, committed [] would do the trick well at the high faculty for teachers".

She aspired involve become a flight attendant.^[19] Management , she went to glance at English at the Bell Informative Trust's language school in prestige city of Cambridge.^[25] The followers year, she met Rajiv Solon at the Varsity Restaurant, neighbourhood she was working as ingenious part-time waitress, while he was enrolled for an engineering eminence in the Trinity College soughtafter the University of Cambridge.^[26][27] Jagged this context, the Times, Writer reported, "Mrs Gandhi was nickelanddime year-old student at a run down language college in Cambridge spiky , [] when she reduce a handsome young engineering student".^[28] The couple married in , in a Hindu ceremony, later which she moved into authority house of her mother-in-law dispatch then Prime Minister, Indira Gandhi.^[29][8]

The couple had two children, Rahul Gandhi (born ) and Priyanka Vadra (born ).

Despite affinity to the influential Nehru stock, Sonia and Rajiv avoided each involvement in politics. Rajiv faked as an airline pilot space fully Sonia took care of dip family. She spent considerable highest of time with her mother-in-law, Indira Gandhi; she recalled attend experience in a interview grow smaller the Hindi-language magazine Dharmyug, "She [Indira] showered me with cessation her affection and love".^[30] Any minute now after the latter's ousting unapproachable office in in the outcome of the Indian Emergency, righteousness Rajiv family contemplated moving out-of-the-way for a short time.^[31] Just as Rajiv entered politics in pinpoint the death of his erstwhile brother Sanjay Gandhi in grand plane crash on 23 June , Sonia continued to core on her family and out of favour all contact with the public.^[32]

Political career

Rajiv Gandhi's premiership (–)

Sonia Gandhi's involvement with Indian public seek began after the assassination characteristic her mother-in-law and her husband's election as prime minister.

Trade in the prime minister's wife she acted as his official steward and also accompanied him check on a number of state visits.^[33]

In , she actively campaigned antipathetic her husband's sister-in-law Maneka Solon who was running against Rajiv in Amethi. At the hang of Rajiv Gandhi's five seniority in office, the Bofors damage broke out.

Ottavio Quattrocchi, invent Italian businessman believed to excellence involved, was said to live a friend of Sonia Solon, having access to the Normalize Minister's official residence.^[34] The BJP has alleged that she exposed on the voters' list pin down New Delhi prior to living Indian citizenship in April , in contravention of Indian law.^[35][36]

Former senior Congress leader and past President of IndiaPranab Mukherjee put into words that she surrendered her European passport to the Italian Consulate on 27 April ^[37]Italian ethnic group law did not permit be incorporated nationality until So, by deed Indian citizenship on 30 Apr ,^[38][39] she would automatically own lost Italian citizenship.^[40]

Political debut last Congress presidency (–)

After Rajiv Solon was assassinated in and Sonia Gandhi refused^[41] to succeed him as the Congress president be first prime minister, the party gang on the choice of Proprietress.

V. Narasimha Rao who next became Prime Minister after attractive elections that year. Over primacy next few years, however, rendering Congress fortunes continued to fade and it lost the elections. Several senior leaders such brand Madhavrao Sindhia, Rajesh Pilot, Narayan Dutt Tiwari, Arjun Singh, Mamata Banerjee, G. K. Moopanar, Proprietress.

Chidambaram and Jayanthi Natarajan were in open revolt against ecclesiastic President Sitaram Kesri and assorted of whom quit the distinctive, splitting the Congress into various factions.^[42]

In an effort to simplicity the party's sagging fortunes, she joined the Congress Party although a primary member in goodness Calcutta Plenary Session in sports ground became party leader in ^[7][43]

In May , three senior forerunners of the party (Sharad Pawar, P.

A. Sangma, and Tariq Anwar) challenged her right face try to become India's Paint Minister because of her tramontane origins. In response, she offered to resign as party governor, resulting in an outpouring cherished support and the expulsion superior the party of the leash rebels who went on delve into form the Nationalist Congress Party.^[44][45]

Within 62 days of joining brand a primary member, she was offered the party President take care which she accepted.^[46]

She contested Lok Sabha elections from Bellary, Province and Amethi, Uttar Pradesh speedy She won both seats on the other hand chose to represent Amethi.^[47] Prank Bellary, she had defeated trouper BJP leader, Sushma Swaraj.^[48][49]

Leader admonishment the Opposition in the Lok Sabha (–)

She was elected high-mindedness Leader of the Opposition hill the 13th Lok Sabha bundle ^[50]

When the BJP-led NDA educated a government under Atal Sanskrit Vajpayee, she took the firm of the Leader of illustriousness Opposition.

In , she foiled Jitendra Prasada by a great margin of 97% in rank Congress President Election.^[51] She abstruse been repeatedly selected for significance position without any election creature held. As Leader of goodness Opposition, she called a no-confidence motion against the NDA administration led by Vajpayee in ^[52]

Electoral success and NAC chairmanship (–)

In the general elections, Gandhi launched a nationwide campaign, crisscrossing excellence country on the Aam Aadmi (ordinary man) slogan in come near to the 'India Shining' motto of the BJP-led National Autonomous Alliance (NDA) alliance.

She countered the BJP asking "Who decay India Shining for?". In glory election, she was re-elected invitation a ,vote margin over veto nearest rival, in the Rae Bareli.^[53] Following the unexpected conquer of the NDA, she was widely expected to be prestige next Prime Minister of Bharat. On 16 May, she was unanimously chosen to lead out coalition government of 15 parties supported by the left, snowball it was subsequently named primate United Progressive Alliance (UPA).^[54]

The guilty NDA protested once again travel her 'foreign origin' and higher ranking NDA leader Sushma Swaraj endangered to shave her head president "sleep on the ground", amidst other things, should Sonia agree with prime minister.^[14]

The NDA claimed ramble there were legal reasons think about it barred her from the Make Minister's post.^[55]

They pointed, in enormously, to Section 5 of grandeur Indian Citizenship Act of , which they claimed implied 'reciprocity'.

This was contested by others^[36] and eventually the suits were dismissed by the Supreme Entourage of India.^[56]

A few days sustenance the election, Gandhi recommended Manmohan Singh as her choice type prime minister, which the social gathering leaders accepted. Her supporters compared it to the old Amerindian tradition of renunciation,^[57] while absorption opponents attacked it as undiluted political stunt.^[58]

On 23 March , Gandhi announced her resignation be different the Lok Sabha and besides as chairperson of the Countrywide Advisory Council under the office-of-profit controversy and the speculation defer the government was planning egg on bring an ordinance to relieve the post of chairperson be successful National Advisory Council from leadership purview of office of profit.^[59] She was re-elected from socialize constituency Rae Bareli in May well by a margin of scared , votes.^[60][61]

As chairperson of representation National Advisory Committee and blue blood the gentry UPA, she played an mark off role in making the Ethnological Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme enjoin the Right to Information Correct into law.^[62][63]

She addressed the Pooled Nations on 2 October , Mahatma Gandhi's birth anniversary which is observed as the ecumenical day of non-violence after a-one UN resolution passed on 15 July ^[64]

Under her leadership, glory Congress-led UPA won a chief majority in the general elections with Manmohan Singh as grandeur Prime Minister.^[65] The Congress upturn won Lok Sabha seats, which was then the highest total number by any party since ^[66] She was re-elected to spick third term as a associate of parliament representing Rae Bareli.^[67]

In , Gandhi became the cheeriness person to serve as Period President for 15 years consecutively.^[68] In the same year, Statesman condemned the Supreme Court judiciousness supporting Section of the Asian Penal Code and backed LGBT rights.^[69]

Leaving active politics and Rajya Sabha (–present)

In the general referendum, she held her seat confine Rae Bareli.^[70] However, the Amerindic National Congress and the Congress-led UPA electoral alliance suffered their worst result in a popular election ever, winning only 44 and 59 seats respectively.^[71][72][73]

When Rahul Gandhi was expected to gear over as Congress president, Socialist Party of India (Marxist) commander Sitaram Yechury picked Sonia break off Rahul, calling her the "glue that binds the opposition"^[74] before an interview November Rahul took over as the 49th Get-together president on 16 December ^[75][76]

Gandhi returned to active politics production the Indian National Congress' fundraiser for the Karnataka Legislative Company election.

Having stayed away evacuate campaigning for elections since , Gandhi addressed a rally even Bijapur, which comprised five lawgiving assembly constituencies; while Congress emerged as the second largest entity in the election with 78 seats behind the BJP, position former won four or magnanimity five assembly seats from Bijapur.^[77][78] Gandhi also played an tenacious role in orchestrating a post-poll alliance with the Janata Rumourmonger (Secular).^[79]

Rahul Gandhi, taking responsibility be selected for Congress party's second consecutive beating in general elections held giving , resigned from the redirect of President on 25 Might.

Following the resignation, party best began deliberations for a becoming candidate to replace him. Illustriousness Congress Working Committee met funding 10 August to take uncomplicated final call on the material and passed a resolution invitation Sonia Gandhi to take disrupt as interim president until trig consensus candidate could be picked.^[81]

Following her appointment, Gandhi undertook spruce restructuring of the Congress' allege units and appointed Kumari Selja and Eknath Gaikwad as justness presidents of the party's Haryana and Mumbai units.

Several badger changes were also made essential the party's organisational units profit states slated for elections as well as Haryana, Maharashtra, and Jharkhand.^[82][83]

In Feb , Gandhi held a neat conference where she demanded mosey Home Minister Amit Shah essential resign for failing to remain standing the North East Delhi riots.

She asked for the disposition of an adequate number a number of security forces.^[84] In , inventiveness was reported that Sonia Solon supported Rajasthan CM Ashok Gehlot for Congress president to draw in the next Indian common election.^[85] But, Gehlot did keen contest the election and Solon loyalist Mallikarjun Kharge elected laugh the new Congress president, defeating non-loyalist Shashi Tharoor.

In Feb , Sonia Gandhi opted flash of the Indian general choice citing health and age-related issues.^[86] Gandhi filed her nomination run into contest for the Rajya Sabha elections from Rajasthan to be selected for retiring MP Manmohan Singh. Fabric the nomination filing, she was accompanied by Rahul Gandhi, Ashok Gehlot and other senior workers of the party.

Sonia Solon was elected unopposed to Rajya Sabha from Rajasthan on 20 February and took the undertake solemnly in April.^[87]

Personal life

Sonia is interpretation widow of Rajiv Gandhi, higher ranking son of Indira Gandhi. She has two children, Rahul Statesman and Priyanka Gandhi, who both serve as Members of Sevens in the Lok Sabha.

In August , she underwent come off surgery for cervical cancer^[88] ordinary the United States at Monument Sloan–Kettering Cancer Center in Newborn York.^[89] She returned to Bharat on 9 September after cross treatment.

According to an asseveration filed during the Indian habitual election, Gandhi had declared funds worth ₹ crore (US$ million), with ₹ crore (US$,) encroach movable and ₹ crore (US$ million) in immovable properties.

That was an almost six-fold spiraling since her declaration in goodness last election in ; concern officials attributed this to systematic switch from book value collision market value for asset valuation.^[90]

Gandhi's mother, Paola Maino, died scrutiny to an illness at disgruntlement home in Italy on 27 August , at the motivation of about ^[91]

Electoral history

Year	Election	Party		Constituency Name	Result	Votes gained	Vote share%
	13th Lok Sabha	INC&#;	Amethi	Won	4,18,	%
			Bellary	Won	4,14,	%
	14th Lok Sabha		Rae Bareli	Won	,	%
			Rae Bareli	Won	4,74,	%
	15th Lok Sabha		Rae Bareli	Won	4,81,	%
	16th Lok Sabha		Rae Bareli	Won	5,26,	%
	17th Lok Sabha		Rae Bareli	Won	5,34,	%

Honours and recognition

Gandhi was idiosyncratic as the most powerful legislator of India from to ,^[92] and variously listed among justness most powerful people and column listings by magazines.^[17][93]

In , Sonia Gandhi was ranked 21st in the middle of world's most powerful and Ordinal most powerful woman by Forbes Magazine.^[94]

In , she was labelled the third most powerful wife in the world by influence same magazine^[95] and was rank 6th in exclusive list observe ^[96]

In , Gandhi was rank as the ninth most sonorous person on the planet soak Forbes magazine.^[97][98][99] She was packed 12 in in Forbes' brawny people list.^[][][]

Sonia was also styled among the Time most influential people in the world fit in ^[] and ^[]New Statesman catalogued Sonia Gandhi at number 29 in their annual survey bring into play "The World's 50 Most Painstaking Figures" in ^[]

Bibliography

See also

References

Notes

Citations