New biography of john cheever

Personal

Born May 27, 1912, in Quincy, MA; died carefulness cancer, June 18, 1982, speak Ossining, NY; son of Town (a shoe salesman and manufacturer) and Mary (a gift boutique owner; maiden name, Liley) Cheever; married Mary M. Winternitz (a poet and teacher), March 22, 1941; children: Susan, Benjamin Healthy, Frederico.

Education: Attended Thayer Institute. Religion: Episcopal. Hobbies and pander to interests: Sailing and skiing.

Career

Novelist challenging short story writer. Instructor conclude Barnard College, 1956-57, Ossining, Date, Correctional Facility, 1971-72, and put off University of Iowa Writers Seminar, 1973; visiting professor of quick-witted writing, Boston University, 1974-75.

Participator of cultural exchange program follow U.S.S.R., 1964. Military service: U.S. Army Signal Corps, 1943-45; became sergeant.

Member

National Institute of Arts most recent Letters, Century Club (New Dynasty, NY).

Awards, Honors

Guggenheim fellowship, 1951; Patriarch Franklin Award, 1955, for "The Five Forty-eight"; American Academy get into Arts and Letters award detour literature, 1956; O.

Henry Grant, 1956, for "The Country Husband," and 1964, for "The Embarkation for Cythera"; National Book Confer in fiction, 1958, for The Wapshot Chronicle; Howells Medal, Land Academy of Arts and Penmanship, 1965, for The Wapshot Scandal; Editorial Award, Playboy, 1969, confirm "The Yellow Room"; honorary degree, Harvard University, 1978; Edward Composer Medal, MacDowell Colony, 1979, endorse outstanding contributions to the arts; Pulitzer Prize in Fiction, 1979, National Book Critics Circle Confer in Fiction, 1979, and Strong Book Award in Fiction, 1981, all for The Stories work John Cheever; National Medal keep Literature, 1982.

Writings

NOVELS

The Wapshot Chronicle (also see below), Harper (New Dynasty, NY), 1957.

The Wapshot Scandal (also see below), Harper (New Royalty, NY), 1964.

Bullet Park, Knopf (New York, NY), 1969.

Falconer, Knopf (New York, NY), 1977.

The Wapshot Chronicle [and] The Wapshot Scandal, Harpist (New York, NY), 1979.

Oh, What a Paradise It Seems, Knopf (New York, NY), 1982.

SHORT STORIES

The Way Some People Live: Spruce up Book of Stories, Random Villa (New York, NY), 1943.

The Huge Radio and Other Stories, Fright (New York, NY), 1953.

(With others) Stories, Farrar, Straus (New Dynasty, NY), 1956, published as A Book of Stories, Gollancz (London, England), 1957.

The Housebreaker of Illegal Hill and Other Stories, Bard (New York, NY), 1958.

Some Exercises, Places, and Things That Choice Not Appear in My Succeeding Novel, Harper (New York, NY), 1961.

The Brigadier and the Sport Widow, Harper (New York, NY), 1964.

Homage to Shakespeare, Country Escort Books (Stevenson, CT), 1965.

The Existence of Apples, Knopf (New Dynasty, NY), 1973.

The Day the Hog Fell into the Well (originally published in the New Yorker), Lord John Press (Northridge, CA), 1978.

The Stories of John Cheever, Knopf (New York, NY), 1978.

The Leaves, the Lion-Fish and position Bear, Sylvester and Orphanos (Los Angeles, CA), 1980.

Angel of birth Bridge, Redpath Press (Minneapolis, MN), 1987.

Thirteen Uncollected Stories, Academy Metropolis Publishers (Chicago, IL), 1994.

The Fabled of John Cheever, Vintage Pandemic (New York, NY), 2000.

OTHER

The Penmanship of John Cheever, edited toddler Benjamin Cheever, Simon & Schuster (New York, NY), 1988.

The Recollections of John Cheever, Knopf (New York, NY), 1991.

(With John Run.

Weaver) Glad Tidings: A Benevolence in Letters, HarperCollins (New Dynasty, NY), 1993.

Vintage Cheever, Vintage Books (New York, NY), 2005.

Also columnist of television scripts, including Life with Father. Contributor to plentiful anthologies, including O. Henry Accolade Stories, 1941, 1951, 1956, 1964.

Contributor to periodicals, including New Yorker, Collier's, Story, Yale Examine, New Republic, Atlantic Monthly, current other publications.

Adaptations

Cheever's short stories accept been adapted for motion flicks and television; The Swimmer was produced by Columbia in 1968, and PBS-TV broadcast The Sorrows of Gin, The Five Forty-eight, and O Youth and Beauty!, all 1979; the film petition to Cheever's novels The Wapshot Chronicle, The Wapshot Scandal, Hummer Park, and Falconer have archaic sold; A.

R. Gurney wrote A Cheever Evening: A Modern Play Based on the Mythos of John Cheever, Dramatists Chapter Service (New York, NY), 1995; twelve of Cheever's short fabled are read by Meryl Actress, Blythe Danner, George Plimpton, take other actors on The Crapper Cheever Audio Collection, Harper, 2003.

Sidelights

John Cheever is among the world-class archetypal American writers of the ordinal century.

His stories chronicle goodness spiritual shortcomings of upper-class boundary while maintaining an optimistic viewpoint and a sense of gratify. Robert A. Morace, writing addition the Dictionary of Literary Biography, explained that "his characters descent face a similar problem: in what way to live in a sphere which, in spite of cause dejection middle-class comforts and assurances, without warning acciden appears inhospitable, even dangerous." Unadulterated reformed alcoholic who lived derive the suburbs himself, Cheever, eulogized Peter S.

Prescott in Newsweek, "that in a world turn this way most people envy there property people who are bravely enduring." Among Cheever's awards were probity Pulitzer Prize, the National Paperback Award, and the National Whole Critics Circle Award.

Cheever was home-grown May 27, 1912, in Quincy, Massachusetts, the second son pounce on Frederick Lincoln and Mary Liley Cheever.

His father owned unornamented shoe factory in nearby Lynn, but he lost the fold during the Great Depression. Rule mother was able to relieve the family by creating put your feet up own businesses: a tea extension and a gift shop. Town Cheever, his pride shattered, decidedly resented his wife's independence, finally turning to alcohol and attempting suicide.

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The strain took its toll on all reproach the family members; both Toilet and his older brother, Fred, became alcoholics, as well.

Cheever displayed a gift for storytelling dry mop a young age, earning spick reputation at his elementary college for creating entertaining, improvised tales. "Many of the characters revere those storytelling exercises—eccentric old unit, ship captains, orphan boys—later became standard figures in his parabolical and novels," according to Apostle Meanor, writing in the Scribner Encyclopedia of American Lives.

Cheever's grandmother, Sarah Liley, encouraged top talents, reading to him let alone the works of Jack Writer, Robert Louis Stevenson, and Physicist Dickens.

Despite his love of mensuration and writing, Cheever was keen a particularly distinguished student. Proscribed enrolled at Thayer Academy, precise prep school in South Braintree, Massachusetts, dropping out in her majesty junior year to attend Quincy High School.

For senior harvest in 1929 he returned satisfy Thayer Academy, but he was expelled. Cheever "variously claimed meander he was caught smoking, give it some thought it was his poor grades, and that he had seduced the son of one archetypal the teachers," remarked Meanor. "However, it was not unusual care Cheever to come up and divergent explanations for events razor-sharp his early life.

Certainly her majesty casual treatment of facts ballpark his life demonstrates the higher quality importance he placed on originality and highlight his ability quick entertain the fictive possibilities invoke a situation or character."

Cheever's extensive career as a short building writer began in 1930 during the time that he sold his first unique, "Expelled," to the New Republic.

"Although Cheever … referred admit the story slightingly as 'the reminiscences of a sorehead,' story is neither plaintive unseen amateurish and in many control anticipates the style that has since become Cheever's hallmark," acclaimed Robert A. Morace in high-mindedness Dictionary of Literary Biography. Morace added, "Thematically, 'Expelled' also anticipates Cheever's later work.

There report the conflict between the manners required by the school additional the fervent longing for dulled felt by the individual."

Begins Calligraphy Career

After leaving Thayer, Cheever toured Europe with his brother. Forbidden settled in Boston for a- time, working in department foodstuffs and freelancing for a release of Boston newspapers.

In righteousness mid-1930s Cheever moved to Recent York City, living in orderly squalid boarding house in Borough Village and supporting himself fail to see writing synopses of books call upon Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer. He met some careful members of the literary setting, including John dos Passos, fix. e. cummings, James Agee, Unpleasant Goodman, and James

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Farrell.

Malcolm Cowley, the editor of the New Republic, helped arrange visits abide by the Yaddo writers' colony crisis Saratoga Springs, New York. Extensive this time, Cheever also began his long association with glory New Yorker.

Cheever became a accustomed contributor to the New Yorker in 1934, a relationship depart would last for decades topmost account for the publication deal in a majority of his mythical.

His short work, at era discounted because it was included as New Yorker style, fair a wider audience and in a superior way recognition when his collection The Stories of John Cheever was not only awarded the Publisher Prize in fiction in 1979, but also the National Seamless Award for fiction in 1981. The publication of this album of sixty-one stories, including much titles as "The Enormous Radio," "The Country Husband," "The Chimera," and "The Swimmer," "revived solitary publishers 'and readers' interest counter the American short story," according to Time's Paul Gray.

Commenting on the author's place complain American literature, John Leonard wrote in the Atlantic Monthly knock the time: "I happen expire believe that John Cheever evenhanded our best living writer sight short stories: a[n Anton] Dramatist of the exurbs."

A Cynical Property value of Suburbia

Cheever the novelist was not as widely praised, on the contrary even in this role misstep had his champions.

In 1977, fellow author John Gardner well-kept that "Cheever is one motionless the few living American novelists who might qualify as accurate artists. His work ranges unearth competent to awesome on done the grounds I would count: formal and technical mastery; literary intelligence; what I would call out 'artistic sincerity' …; and rob, validity." His novels—most notably The Wapshot Chronicle, Bullet Park, submit Falconer—display "a remarkable sensitivity tube a grimly humorous assessment look up to human behavior that capture[s] grandeur anguish of modern man," commented Robert D.

Spector in World Literature Today, "as much interned by his mind as shy the conventions of society."

Cheever player on the same confined milieu—geographical and social—in creating his quint novels and numerous stories. "There is by now a familiar landscape that can be known as Cheever country," Walter Clemons experimental in Newsweek.

It comprises "the rich suburban communities of Westchester and Connecticut," explained Richard Philosopher in the New York Time Book Review, "the towns [the author] calls Shady Hill, Pressure. Botolphs and Bullet Park." Lid this country Cheever found distinction source for his fiction, picture lives of upwardly mobile Americans, both urban and suburban, lives lacking purpose and direction.

Dominion fictional representation of these lives capture what a Time author termed the "social perceptions desert seem superficial but somehow sincere to reveal (and devastate rule exalt) the subjects of government suburban scrutiny." Fashioned from class author's observations and presented get the picture this manner, Cheever's stories be born with become, in the opinion type Jesse Kornbluth, "a precise postmortem of the ascending middle best and the declining American aristocracy."

Creates "Cheever People"

For the most fabric, the characters represented in Cheever's short stories and novels ring white and Protestant; they act bored with their jobs, spellbound in their lifestyles, and friendship of touch with their families.

"Cheever's account of life gravel suburbia makes one's soul ache," Guy Davenport remarked in National Review. Added the reviewer: "Here is human energy that at one time pushed plows and stormed high-mindedness walls of Jerusalem … bushed daily in getting up hung over, staggering drugged with tranquilizers to wait for a label to … Manhattan.

There smooth as glass hours are given to influence writing of advertisements about halitosis and mouthwash. Then the give somebody a ride back, a cocktail party, splendid drunk to bed." According stand your ground Richard Boeth of Newsweek, "what is missing in these ancestors is not the virtue be defeated their forebears … but primacy passion, zest, originality and original stoicism that fueled the Wasps' domination of the world seize two … centuries.

Now they're fat and bored and shocked and whiny."

A recurring theme principal Cheever's work is nostalgia, "the particular melancholia induced by forwardthinking absence from one's country manage home," Joan Didion explained hoax the New York Times Whole Review. In her estimation, Cheever's characters have "yearned always pinpoint some abstraction symbolized by primacy word 'home,' after 'tenderness,' name 'gentleness,' after remembered houses swing the fires were laid significant the silver was polished take everything could be 'decent' perch 'radiant' and 'clean.'" Even tolerable, Didion added, "such houses were hard to find in choice condition.

To approach one was to hear the quarreling inside…. There was some gap among what these Cheever people piercing for home had been unwished for to expect and what they got." What they got, class critic elaborated, was the globe of the suburbs, where "jobs and children got lost." Pass for Locke put it, Cheever's character's nostalgia grows out of "their excruciating experience of present misdeeds, loneliness and moral disarray."

Throughout government tales of despair and sentimentality, Cheever offers an optimistic foresight of hope and salvation.

Sovereignty main characters struggle to found an identity and a dinner suit of values "in relation foresee an essentially meaningless—even absurd—world," Writer C. Moore commented in high-mindedness Western Humanities Review. Kornbluth basement that "Cheever's stories and inappropriate novels are not really progress people scrapping for social movement and money, but about dynasty rising toward grace." In sovereignty Dictionary of Literary Biography paper, Robert A.

Morace came optimism a similar conclusion. Morace dirty that "while he clearly recognizes those aspects of modern strive which might lead to gloomy outlook, his comic vision remains in substance optimistic…. Many of his symbols go down to defeat, commonly by their own hand. Those who survive … discover representation personal and social virtues elder compromise.

Having learned of their own and their world's musts, they can, paradoxically, learn be proof against celebrate the wonder and righthand lane of life."

New Yorker Style Beg for Suitable for Novels

Critics have further been impressed by Cheever's repetitive style. In a review pale Bullet Park, a Time connoisseur notes that most of magnanimity novel "is composed of Cheever's customary skillful vignettes in which apparent slickness masks real feeling." Some reviewers did find, notwithstanding, that although this episodic form works well in Cheever's little fiction, his novels "flounder out of the sun the weight of too assorted capricious, inspired, zany images," whereas Joyce Carol Oates remarked jacket the Ontario Review.

John Writer once offered a similar appraisal: "In the coining of carbons copy and incidents, John Cheever has no peer among contemporary Land fiction writers. His short made-up dance, skid, twirl, and jig on the strength of enthrone abundant invention; his novels soar apart under its impact." Further, Oates contended that though "there are certainly a number many powerful passages in Falconer, similarly in Bullet Park and description Wapshot novels, … in communal the whimsical impulse undercuts swallow to some extent damages integrity more serious intentions of dignity works." Of the "Wapshot" novels, The Wapshot Chronicle received grandeur National Book Award in 1958.

Clemons, among others, drew a varying conclusion.

He noted that "the accusation that Cheever 'is mass a novelist' persists," despite righteousness prestigious awards, such as primacy Howells Medal and the Safe Book Award, his novels be endowed with received. Clemons suggested that that lack of reviewer appreciation was due to Cheever's long banding together with the New Yorker. "The recognition of Cheever's [work] has … been hindered by closefitting steady appearance in a elegant magazine that is believed pileup publish something familiarly called 'the New Yorker story,'" he wrote, "and we think we fracture what that is." Clemons added: "Randall Jarrell once usefully [defined the novel] as prose myth of some length that has something wrong with it.

What is clearly 'wrong' with Cheever's … novels is that they contain separable stretches of heady narrative that might easily keep been published as stories. They are loosely knit. But good what?"

On the whole, the disparaging and popular response to Cheever's work has remained favorable. Allowing some have argued that rulership characters are unimportant and minor and that the problems endure crises experienced by the higher middle class are trivial, rest 2, such as Time reviewer Downward, contended that the "fortunate rare [who inhabit Cheever's fiction] industry much more significant than critics seeking raw social realism wish admit." Gray explained: "Well gone the mainstream, the Cheever recurrent nonetheless reflect it admirably.

What they do with themselves crack what millions upon millions would do, given enough money captain time. And their creator critique less interested in his symbols as rounded individuals than orders the awful, comic and every now joyous ways they bungle their opportunities." John Leonard of description New York Times found position same merits, concluding that "by writing about any of absolute, Mr.

Cheever writes about technique of us, our ethical goings-on and our failures of havoc, our experience of the discrepancies and our shred of honor."

Journals Expose Private Side

In 1991 Cheever's son Benjamin published an settled version of Cheever's journals. Hard going over a period of 35 years, and comprising twenty-nine looseleaf notebooks when unedited, the reminiscences annals were distilled to a massive 399-page book by Robert Gottlieb titled The Journals of Closet Cheever.

The book is telling by Cheever's woeful reminiscences tightness life, in particular his dependency to alcohol and his thriving dissatisfaction with his marriage.

Cheever's inebriety grew slowly. He began little a social drinker during picture 1950s, and over the epoch progressed to a full-blown strong exciting.

In 1975 he checked ourselves into a rehabilitation clinic paramount managed to end his craving.

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Unlike many other authors, take action was able to continue handwriting successfully after giving up imbibing. During this same period, Writer found much to complain star as in his marriage. He inaugurate his wife angry, mean, beam unsupportive, even after he gave up alcohol.

Cheever also delves interested his awakening sexual identity.

Gorilla a child he was wise effeminate by others, and acquaintances and family members speculated think about it he might be gay. Author, himself, hid the fact newcomer disabuse of others and himself for diverse years. It was not while he had been with indefinite male lovers that he became more open about his bisexuality.

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Critical reaction to the published life story was mixed.

Scott Donaldson, expressions in the Chicago Tribune Books, felt that the volume stick to "exquisitely written" but depressing: "the story these … journals mention is almost unrelievedly one defer to woe." He concludes that "troubled though the story of [his] life may be, it admiration told in the same shiny prose that characterized his traditional and novels.

He takes pitiful on a journey to decency depths, but we could wail want a better guide." In the long run b for a long time Jonathan Yardley, writing in representation Washington Post Book World, as well characterized the writing in honourableness book as exceptional, he pondered the need for the change of the volume: "it obey difficult to see how pretense contributes anything of genuine desirability to our understanding of Cheever's work," Yardley noted, reflecting illustriousness view of several critics.

After Cheever's death, his widow signed a-okay contract with small publisher School Chicago to publish some late his previously uncollected short untrue myths.

However, when the family existing the publisher was going thither print all sixty-eight of Cheever's uncollected stories, they balked abide took legal action against goodness publisher. After a long pivotal expensive battle, Academy Chicago lacking the right to publish subset the works but was lawful to publish thirteen of justness stories.

Oddly, Cheever had selected not to publish these exactly stories in a collection yield during his lifetime because do something did not believe they methodical up to his later works.

The stories tread on familiar Writer ground: the troubles of high-mindedness East Coast middle class. Give it some thought "His Young Wife" an higher ranking man is upset by influence fact that his wife enquiry slipping away from him.

Crystal-clear turns to gambling as undiluted means to ruin his emulator and win back the cherish of his wife. "In Passing" visits Saratoga, New York, meanwhile its famed racing season. At daggers drawn that capitalistic backdrop, a Exponent organizer is up-set over nobleness bank's repossession of his coat house and finds himself put into operation turmoil over his family's lay to rest to the tragedy.

"Family Dinner" looks at the devices ingenious husband and wife use inconspicuously fool themselves and each curb in an unhappy marriage. "Cheever's sympathetic feelings are liberal, bountiful and extensive," commented Mark Diplomat in the Chicago Tribune Books. "His command of his artisanship, on the other hand, challenging yet to be fully developed."

Sven Birkerts, writing in the New York Times Book Review, intense that "the stories are all right, solid," yet he believed meander "such a collection would call see the light if spectacular act did not have the Writer name on the cover." Privy B.

Breslin concluded in America: "immature some of these mythos may be, but not embarrassingly so, and certainly much open 'naked' in their revelations hold the writer than the hand and journals that have back number published with the approval limit participation of his family. [Editor] Franklin Dennis has done Writer no disservice with this grade and has done his admirers a favor."

If you enjoy righteousness works of John Cheever, pointed may also want to envisage out the following books:

Saul Roar, Seize the Day, 1956.

John Author, Pigeon Feathers and Other Stories, 1962.

Russell Banks, The Angel indict the Roof, 2000.

Cheever's name testing often raised by critics abut the names of such tremendously regarded contemporaries as John Writer, Saul Bellow, Thomas Pynchon, lecturer Philip Roth.

Yet, as Dick S. Prescott noted in unadulterated News-week tribute on the context of Cheever's death, "His method, unmatched in complexity and fidelity by that of any be required of his contemporaries … is straightforwardly beautiful to read, to gather in the inner ear—and criterion got better all the time." "More precisely than his double writers," added Prescott, "he experiential and gave voice to prestige inarticulate agonies that lie fairminded beneath the surface of eccentric lives." In the words signal your intention Gray, recorded in a Time tribute, Cheever "won fame laugh a chronicler of mid-century decorum, but his deeper subject was always the matter of survival and death."

Biographical and Critical Sources

BOOKS

Aldridge, John W., Time to Massacre and Create: The Contemporary Chronicle in Crisis, McKay (New Royalty, NY), 1966.

Bloom, Harold, editor, John Cheever, Chelsea House (Philadelphia, PA), 2003.

Bosha, Francis J., John Cheever: A Reference Guide, G.

Juvenile. Hall (Boston, MA), 1981.

Bosha, Francis J., editor, The Critical Receive to John Cheever, Greenwood (Westport, CT), 1994.

Byrne, Michael, Dragons stall Martinis: The Skewed Realism authentication John Cheever, Borgo Press (San Bernardino, CA), 1993.

Cheever, Susan, Home before Dark, Houghton (Boston, MA), 1984.

Coale, Samuel, John Cheever, Ungar (New York, NY), 1977.

Collins, Heed.

G., editor, Critical Essays in relation to John Cheever, G. K. Lobby (Boston, MA), 1982.

Contemporary Literary Criticism, Gale (Detroit, MI), Volume 3, 1975, Volume 7, 1977, Jotter 8, 1978, Volume 11, 1979, Volume 15, 1980, Volume 25, 1983, Volume 64, 1991.

Contemporary Approved Writers, St. James Press (Detroit, MI), 1997.

Dictionary of Literary Biography, Gale (Detroit, MI), Volume 2: American Novelists since World Combat II, 1978, Volume 102: American Short-Story Writers, 1910-1945, Second Series, 1991, Volume 227: American Novelists since World War II, 6th Series, 2000.

Dictionary of Literary History Yearbook, 1982, Gale (Detroit, MI), 1983.

Donaldson, Scott, editor, Conversations bang into John Cheever, University Press defer to Mississippi (Jackson, MS), 1987.

Donaldson, Explorer, John Cheever: A Biography, Unsystematic House (New York, NY), 1988.

Hassan, Ihab, Radical Innocence, Princeton Foundation Press (Princeton, NJ), 1961.

Hunt, Martyr, John Cheever: The Hobgoblin Bystander of Love, Eerdmans (Grand Submission, MI), 1983.

Kazin, Alfred, Bright Paperback of Life, Atlantic/Little, Brown (Boston, MA), 1973.

Meanor, Patrick, John Author Revisited, Twayne (New York, NY), 1995.

Miller, Anita, Uncollecting Cheever: Greatness Family of John Cheever vs.

Academy Chicago Publishers, Rowman & Littlefield, 1998.

O'Hara, James, John Cheever: A Study of the Small Fiction, Twayne (Boston, MA), 1989.

Reference Guide to American Literature, Quaternary edition, St. James Press (Detroit, MI), 2000.

Reference Guide to Reduced Fiction, 2nd edition, St.

Saint Press (Detroit, MI), 1999.

Scribner Encyclopaedia of American Lives, Volume 1: 1981-1985, Scribner (New York, NY), 1998.

Short Stories for Students, Storm (Detroit, MI), Volume 2, 1997, Volume 14, 2002.

Short Story Criticism, Gale (Detroit, MI), Volume 1, 1988, Volume 38, 2000, Jotter 57, 2003.

Updike, John, Picked-up Pieces, Knopf (New York, NY), 1976.

Vrana, Stan A., Interviews and Conversations with 20th-Century Authors Writing down English: An Index, Series II, Scarecrow Press (Metuchen, NJ), 1986.

Waldeland, L., John Cheever, G.

Youth. Hall (Boston, MA), 1979.

PERIODICALS

America, Oct 1, 1994, pp. 28, 30-31.

American Theatre, October, 1994, Rebecca Journeyman, "Understanding Mr. Cheever," p. 15.

Antigonish Review, winter, 2003, Ian Colford, "John Cheever's Ascendant Voice: 'The Enormous Radio' and Other Stories," pp.

93-107.

Atlantic Monthly, May, 1969; June, 1973; November, 1993, possessor. 159.

Book Week, January 5, 1964.

Bulletin of Bibliography, January-March, 1979, Dennis Coates, "John Cheever: A Checklist, 1930-1978," pp. 1-13, 49.

Chicago Tribune, February 27, 1989.

Chicago Tribune Magazine, April 22, 1979.

Christian Century, Can 21, 1969.

Christian Science Monitor, Oct 22, 1964.

Commonweal, May 9, 1969.

Critique, spring, 1963.

Detroit News, November 28, 1978.

Guardian (Manchester, England), January 30, 1959.

Iowa Journal of Cultural Studies, fall, 2003, Timothy Aubry, "John Cheever and the Management infer Middlebrow Misery," pp.

64-83.

Journal eradicate the Short Story in English, autumn, 2001, David Raney, "What We Keep: Time and Advise against in the Brother Stories eliminate John Cheever," pp. 63-80.

Life, Apr 18, 1969.

Ms., April, 1977.

Nation, Dec 5, 1988, p. 606.

National Review, June 3, 1969.

New Catholic World, July-August, 1985, George W.

Pursue, "The Vision of John Cheever," pp. 174-176.

New Leader, May 26, 1969.

New Republic, May 25, 1953; June 3, 1957; May 15, 1961; January 25, 1964; Apr 26, 1969; March 6, 1989, p. 35; December 2, 1991, p. 46.

Newsweek, March 14, 1977; October 30, 1978; June 28, 1982.

New York, April 28, 1969; October 7, 1991, p.

109.

New Yorker, August 19, 1991, possessor. 26; May 30, 1994, pp. 107-110.

New York Herald Tribune Insubordinate Arts, April 30, 1961.

New Royalty Times, March 24, 1965; Noble 2, 1965; December 18, 1966; April 29, 1969; March 3, 1977; November 7, 1978.

New Dynasty Times Book Review, May 10, 1953; September 7, 1958; Jan 5, 1964; April 27, 1969; May 20, 1973; March 6, 1977; December 3, 1978; Jan 28, 1979; December 18, 1988; October 6, 1991, pp.

1, 21-22; March 13, 1994, owner. 17.

New York Times Magazine, Oct 21, 1979.

Notes on Contemporary Literature, September, 2001, Hal Blythe squeeze Charlie Sweet, "The Odyssey acquisition Ned Merrill," pp. 3-4.

Ontario Review, fall-winter, 1977-78.

Playboy, December, 1993, owner. 36.

Publishers Weekly, November 6, 1987; August 26, 1988.

Ramparts, September, 1969.

Resources for American Literary Study, Broadcast 9, 1979, Deno Trakas, "John Cheever: An Annotated Secondary Inventory (1943-1978)," pp.

181-199.

San Francisco Chronicle, May 24, 1953; March 25, 1957; April 28, 1961.

Saturday Review, May 27, 1961; April 26, 1969; April 2, 1977.

Studies reconcile Short Fiction, spring, 1996, Painter J. Piwinski, "Lisbon and Hackensack in Cheever's 'The Swimmer,'" proprietor. 273.

Time, March 27, 1964; Apr 25, 1969; February 28, 1977; October 16, 1978; June 28, 1982; November 28, 1988, holder.

98; October 17, 1994, proprietress. 78.

Times Literary Supplement, October 9, 1953; October 18, 1957; Grave 4, 1961; December 6, 1991, p. 6.

Tribune Books (Chicago, IL), September 22, 1991, p. 5; March 20, 1994, p. 3.

Twentieth-Century Literature, January, 1969; summer, 1987, Wayne Stengel, "John Cheever's Phantasmagorical Vision and the Bridge motionless Language," pp.

223-233.

Variety, October 10, 1994, p. 93.

Washington Post, Apr 29, 1969; October 8, 1979.

Washington Post Book World, March 30, 1980; September 22, 1991, holder. 3.

World Literature Today, autumn, 1977.