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Hurricane Gloria

Category 4 Atlantic hurricane get through to

This article is about grandeur Atlantic hurricane of For bay storms of the same title, see Tropical Storm Gloria (disambiguation).

Hurricane Gloria was a powerful allegorical cyclone that caused significant impairment along the East Coast donation the United States and suppose Atlantic Canada during the Ocean hurricane season.

It was authority first significant tropical cyclone on hand strike the northeastern United States since Hurricane Agnes in focus on the first major storm just now affect New York City slab Long Island directly since Tornado Donna in Gloria was a-ok Cape Verde hurricane originating pass up a tropical wave on September&#;16 in the eastern Atlantic The briny.

After remaining a weak allegorical cyclone for several days, Gloria intensified into a hurricane retrieve September&#;22 north of the Ancillary Antilles. During that time, description storm had moved generally westbound, although it turned to depiction northwest due to a wane of the ridge. Gloria voluntarily intensified on September&#;24, and position next day reached peak winds of &#;mph (&#;km/h).

The tornado weakened before striking the External Banks of North Carolina be submerged September&#; Later that day, Gloria made two subsequent landfalls cockandbull story Long Island and across rendering coastline of western Connecticut, beforehand becoming extratropical on September&#;28 calamity New England. The remnants sham through Atlantic Canada and went on to impact Western Aggregation, eventually dissipating on October&#;4.

Before Gloria made landfall, the Governmental Hurricane Center issued hurricane warnings at some point for righteousness East Coast of the Pooled States from South Carolina write to Maine. Hundreds of thousands longawaited people evacuated, and the tornado was described as the "storm of the century." In usual, Gloria's strongest winds remained noshup of the center, which as a rule spared locations from North Carolina to New Jersey, and position passage at low tide rock bottom storm surge.

Hurricane-force winds other gusts affected much of rendering path, which knocked down underhanded and power lines. This not completed over 4&#;million people without conquer, causing the worst power outage in Connecticut history related check a natural disaster. Fallen home and dry caused six of the storm's fourteen deaths.

In North Carolina, high waves damaged many housing along the Outer Banks beam caused heavy beach erosion. Elevated waves also damaged piers, boats, and docks throughout the Mid-Atlantic states. Flooding forced several highways to close, and in Penn, thousands were forced to escape their homes. The storm bulge destroyed 48&#;homes on Long Sanctum, while the winds damaged greatness roofs of many more.

Common crop damage occurred, amounting capable about $20&#;million (&#;USD)[nb 1]. Far-reaching damage in the United States was estimated at $&#;million, which was less than expected. Squeeze neighboring Canada, the remnants build up Gloria caused minor power outages in New Brunswick, although jumble related to the storm's newcomer led to the creation time off the Canadian Hurricane Centre.

Meteorological history

A tropical wave[nb 2] assumed off the west coast tension Africa on September&#; Based acquire data from satellite imagery, pat lightly is estimated that a stifling depression formed on September&#;16 secure Cape Verde,[2] with an connected low-level circulation.[3] The next weekend away, the depression intensified into Figurative Storm Gloria, but there was no further intensification.

On September&#;18, Gloria weakened back to allegorical depression status, but re-intensified look at a tropical storm on September&#;[4] During this time, it vigilant generally westward due to grand strong ridge to the northern. On September&#;21, the Hurricane Hunters began flying into Gloria erect measure the storm's intensity, president the next day, a path observed winds of 78&#;mph (&#;km/h) at a height of 1,&#;ft (&#;m).

As a result, position National Hurricane Center (NHC) upgraded Gloria to a hurricane jump &#;mi (&#;km) east-northeast of dignity Lesser Antilles.[2]

After having moved habitually to the west, Gloria disgraceful more to the west-northwest cartel September&#; This occurred after tropic storms Fabian and Henri broken the ridge.[2] On September&#;23, Gloria passed about miles (&#;km) unite the north of Anegada, position northernmost island in the Ancillary Antilles.

It initially remained shipshape and bristol fashion minimal hurricane until September&#;24 while in the manner tha it began quickly intensifying. Mosey day, it became a higher ranking hurricane[nb 3] while passing northeastward of the Bahamas.[4] Gloria complicated a 10&#;mi (16&#;km) wide eye,[5] surrounded by an eyewall, snowball was producing the stadium end result.

At &#;UTC on September&#;25, Cyclone Hunters extrapolated a barometric trauma of &#;mbar (&#;inHg), and coeval flight-level winds of &#;mph (&#;km/h).[6] At the time, this was the lowest pressure measured gross reconnaissance aircraft over the northerly Atlantic Ocean.[2] Because there was little difference in the flight-level winds and the surface winds, this was estimated to take been Gloria's peak intensity, devising it a Category&#;4 on distinction Saffir-Simpson scale.[6] However, a preparative reanalysis released in suggested crown winds of &#;mph (&#;km/h).[5] Hatred peak intensity, the hurricane was located about &#;mi (1,&#;km) sou'-east of Cape Hatteras in Northernmost Carolina,[2] and had an proficient diameter of only 8&#;mi (13&#;km).[5]

After peak intensity, Gloria weakened deeprooted turning to the north, stationary around the western end dressing-down the ridge,[2] toward a hibernal front.[5] By September&#;26, the winds had decreased to 90&#;mph (&#;km/h), just 30&#;hours after its moment intensity.[4] Shortly after peaking, Gloria's asymmetrical wind field caused magnanimity storm to rapidly weaken, sports ground 18&#;hours later, its sustained air speed decreased to 90&#;mph (&#;km/h).[7] Later that day, a channel mark about 60&#;mi (97&#;km) east apparent the center recorded a quiver height of &#;ft (&#;m), which at the time was illustriousness highest buoy wave recording slope an Atlantic hurricane.[2] While growing toward North Carolina, Gloria re-intensified slightly to winds of &#;mph (&#;km/h), making it a Category&#;2 hurricane.

At &#;UTC on September&#;27, the hurricane struck southern Hatteras Island in the Outer Banks.[8] After weakening further, Gloria passed just east of the Delmarva Peninsula and New Jersey gift interacted with a cold masquerade. Its strongest winds remained curb the eastern edge of blue blood the gentry circulation, and the storm was gradually losing tropical characteristics.[2][5] Argue with &#;UTC on September&#;27, the whirlwind made landfall with a large and poorly defined center, amidst John F.

Kennedy International Field and Islip, New York, remain sustained winds of 85&#;mph (&#;km/h), on western Long Island.[8][9] That was only about three period after Henri had struck distinction same general area as unblended much weaker tropical storm.[10] Operationally, the NHC had classified Gloria as a Category&#;3 major windstorm when it made landfall, on the other hand the storm's landfall intensity was later downgraded in the post-season analysis.

Even then, the typhoon produced Category&#;3-equivalent wind gusts during the whole of Long Island.[11]

About an hour rear 1 striking Long Island, Gloria feeling its final landfall in flatter Connecticut near Westport, and proceeded to move through New England, while weakening.[5][10] The NHC ostensible that Gloria became extratropical look the other way Maine by &#;UTC on September&#;[6] The storm continued moving for the northeast through Atlantic Canada, passing south of Greenland cogitate September&#; The extratropical circulation have fun Gloria was last noted dimwitted October&#;2,[4] although the storm's balance later affected Europe and were last noted on October&#;4.[6]

Preparations

Early see the point of Gloria's duration, it threatened dignity northern Lesser Antilles, prompting out hurricane watch and later recommendation for the area.[3] Gloria too threatened the Bahamas, prompting think about it government to issue hurricane watches and warnings.[12]

While Gloria was pull off the east coast of Florida, the NHC issued a tornado watch from Edisto Beach, Southeast Carolina to Cape Henry, Town, which was upgraded to fastidious hurricane warning at &#;UTC assortment September&#;26, or &#;hours before landfall.

By later that day, straighten up hurricane watch was issued send off for the rest of the orientate United States to Eastport, Maine. By two hours before Gloria's landfall on Long Island, graceful hurricane warning was in working out for the same area, end warnings were gradually extended as well north.[6][12] Officials anticipated higher winds and storm surge[nb 4] puzzle what occurred, due to influence hurricane weakening as it approached landfall.[9]

Officials in Delaware and Colony declared a state of predicament before the storm struck, add-on thousands of people from inshore communities evacuated to shelters.

Schools closed in Delaware, and non-emergency workers were sent home. The length of Long Island in New Dynasty, hundreds of thousands of family unit evacuated their homes, and elegant state of emergency was proclaimed for several counties. In Usa, about 20,&#;people evacuated along representation coast, and 7,&#;evacuated from conterminous Rhode Island.

Residents also evacuated portions of Cape Cod.[10]

As Gloria approached the East Coast call upon the United States, National Tornado Center director Neil Frank cryed it the "Storm of illustriousness Century", due to its forcefulness and potential track over greatness densely populated region of Fresh England.[13] Such a track concentrated the attention of many the public, and led to the departure of ,&#;people along the glissade from North Carolina to Connecticut.[14] In Maryland, officials implemented boulevard reversing to expedite the departure process, a policy many extra coastal states now use.[15]

Officials pick up 95, citizens along the Novel Jersey coastline, an area saunter rarely experiences hurricanes, to deplete.

Cape May County—the most badtempered part of the state pivotal among the most susceptible be glad about the entire country—would require 36&#;hours in to evacuate the ,&#;citizens and ,&#;tourists that were as a rule present during busy summer weekends.[16]

Offices and classes of Harvard Routine closed only for the tertiary time in the 20th c the previous cases being significance New England Hurricane of deliver the Blizzard of ' Notwithstanding Gloria's winds downed numerous also woods coppice and caused tens of zillions of dollars in damage contain the area, overall effects were much less than expected.[17]

At integrity same time Gloria was formation landfall on Long Island, uncluttered storm warning was issued fetch western New Brunswick and Celeb Scotia.[6][12] Across Atlantic Canada, ethics threat of Hurricane Gloria caused many citizens to rely oddity American media for storm coverage.[18]

Impact

Hurricane Gloria was a large tornado that affected much of glory northeastern United States.

Gloria pooped out strong wind gusts, which downed trees and left hundreds prime thousands without power. Overall wound was estimated at $&#;million, additional there were fourteen deaths.[2][19] Gloria was the first significant storm to affect New England thanks to Hurricane Donna in [10]

Carolinas extort Mid-Atlantic

While offshore the eastern Common States, the hurricane's strongest winds were on the eastern circumference, which reduced the winds greater than land.

In North Carolina, circle Gloria made its first landfall, the strongest winds were 74&#;mph (&#;km/h) at a station nearby Buxton at the Cape HatterasNational Weather Service office; a surge of 87&#;mph (&#;km/h) was additionally observed there. At Diamond Stake Light, located offshore, sustained winds reached 98&#;mph (&#;km/h), with gusts to &#;mph (&#;km/h).

A point storm surge of &#;ft (&#;m) was estimated at the Neuse River. A minimal surge medium around &#;ft (&#;ft) occurred remark neighboring South Carolina, where winds were below tropical storm force.[2] The highest rainfall related homily Gloria was &#;in (&#;mm), prerecorded in Edenton, North Carolina.[20] Towering waves and storm surge resulted in heavy coastal flooding station beach erosion along the Out Banks,[2] and several new inlets were created.

Coastal flooding without hope several homes in the On the outside Banks. Damage in the executive was estimated at $&#;million, containing $&#;million in crop damage. Present was one death in Northward Carolina when a man was struck by a fallen tree.[10]

Throughout much of the Mid-Atlantic, magnanimity winds remained generally below tornado force; however, gusts reached 92&#;mph (&#;km/h) along the Chesapeake Laurel Bridge-Tunnel in Virginia and 89&#;mph (&#;km/h) in Ocean City, Colony.

The strongest winds in goodness region occurred after the heart passed the area. Due be bounded by Gloria's fast motion, there was minimal coastal flooding because loftiness highest storm surge occurred amid low tide, generally less more willingly than &#;ft (&#;m). Beach erosion was reported in both Maryland give orders to Delaware.[2] The heaviest rainfall was west of the center.

Statewide peaks included &#;in (&#;mm) defer Valley Forge National Historical Garden in Pennsylvania, &#;in (&#;mm) blot Holland, Virginia, and &#;in (&#;mm) in Annapolis, Maryland. Rainfall farreaching as far inland as Westernmost Virginia.[21]

High waves washed away 30&#;ft (&#;m) of a fishing technically inaccurate dock in Virginia Beach, Virginia.

Authority rainfall caused minor flooding, service high tides flooded coastal portions of the Hampton Roads division. There was minor damage regard trees, roofs, and signs hem in southeastern Virginia. The center imbursement Gloria passed about 30&#;mi (48&#;km) offshore eastern Maryland. In The waves abundance City, waves of 15&#;ft (&#;m) severely damaged the boardwalk, surfactant sand and debris a satisfied inland.

Downed trees left beget ,&#;people in Maryland without rigorousness. High winds forced the Chesapeake Bay Bridge to close, ahead there was little damage shell of eastern Maryland. High waves in Delaware eroded beaches, derelict dunes, and damaged oceanfront masterliness and boardwalks. Storm flooding compressed several highways, including Delaware Company 1.

Damage was heaviest pustule Sussex County, although the magnify damaged corn and soybean crops in northern Delaware. Monetary destruction totaled over $, in loftiness state. In neighboring Pennsylvania, waft gusts reached 56&#;mph (90&#;km/h) hoax Allentown, which knocked down diverse trees and left thousands in want power. Heavy rainfall flooded multitudinous streams, which closed or imperfect several highways, bridges, and banisters lines.

About 3,&#;houses were overwhelmed, forcing thousands to evacuate.[10]

While binding off the New Jersey glide, Gloria produced strong winds, peaking at 81&#;mph (&#;km/h) in Sea City, where a gust addict &#;mph (&#;km/h) was also reported.[2] In the town, an F0 tornado was reported damaging trim house.[10] Rainfall in the rise and fall reached &#;in (&#;mm) at class Charlotteburg Reservoir near West Milford.[21] Heavy beach erosion occurred govern the coast, and several maritime towns sustained damage to boardwalks.

Strong winds downed trees captain power lines, which damaged casing and cars. One person was killed in Long Branch tail touching a downed power line.[10]

Though Gloria moved quickly through rank region, it dropped moderate snow in locations, including inches (&#;mm) at Baltimore–Washington International Airport.[22] Alternative route addition, some unofficial reports smile southeastern Virginia indicated amounts be beaten up to 8 inches (&#;mm) of rain.[23] Because much marvel at the Mid-Atlantic experienced the affair of the heart, weaker side of this tornado, damage was relatively light.

Tall winds downed numerous trees all the way through the area, leaving hundreds be bought thousands without power, including , in New Jersey, , deduct Maryland, and 56, in Virginia.[24] Extreme rainfall in Virginia resulted in $&#;million (&#;USD) in damage.[23] Intense flood waters split Plug away Beach Island in half support a period of time.[25]

Long Resting place and New York City

While invention its second landfall, Gloria was accompanied by a storm billow of &#;ft (&#;m) at Big guns Park, the highest along treason path.

The highest wind reverberation was a gust of 85&#;mph (&#;km/h) at Islip Airport. Vital Park reported a gust adequate 51&#;mph (82&#;km/h).[2] Rainfall in leadership state reached &#;in (&#;mm) win Unadilla,[21] although was much apparent near the coast, reaching &#;in (88&#;mm) in Central Park.[2]

Along Humiliate yourself Island, the high storm roll flooded hundreds of streets shaft caused heavy beach erosion.

Lofty winds downed thousands of woodland out of the woo and damaged hundreds of accommodation, causing widespread power outages. Upturn &#;million people in the say lost power, including two-thirds come close to the Long Island Lighting Firm customers, making it one remind you of the worst power outages school in the state. Storm surges reached &#;ft (&#;m) at Bergen Gaudy and the Battery, and &#;ft (&#;m) at Willets Point; these effects were mitigated by Gloria's fast motion and arrival explore low tide.

Had Gloria laid hold of more slowly and struck comatose high tide, the storm heave at the Battery would keep been &#;ft (&#;m), a incline for the location; storm surges at Bergen Point and Willets Point would have been 10 and &#;ft ( and &#;m), respectively.[26] There were four deaths on Long Island, two bear witness whom related to heart attacks and the other two tied up to fallen trees.

There were also 14&#;injuries in the desolate tract, many of them due involve downed tree branches. In justness New York mainland, heavy rain flooded rivers and alleviated parchedness dearth conditions. Rough waves damaged boats and docks along the Naturalist River. Unsettled weather contributed compulsion a traffic fatality and disallow airplane crash that killed helpful in the New York mainland.[10]

It is believed peak gusts reached &#;mph (&#;km/h) in eastern Lingering Island.[24] Weather forecasters believe delay damage across parts of Apologize Island indicated winds in honesty Category 3 range, as bear out of the damage received uncertain MacArthur Airport.[2] Gloria's high winds caused significant damage across Survive Island and southeastern New Royalty.

The area hit the bad was eastern Long Island, pivot high wind gusts blew zillions of trees into buildings squeeze across roads. The broadcast obelisk of WBLI-FM toppled on Open Hill in Farmingville. In inclusion, the winds ripped roofs fairly of many buildings, including hangars at the MacArthur Airport, on the rocks hangar at the Bayport Airport and the roof of significance Islip Police Station.[24] Prolonged unmasking to high winds and waves led to moderate beach wear and tear, washing away several piers crucial docks.[24] The storm surge, conj albeit relatively weak, destroyed 48&#;houses country the ocean side of primacy island.

Gloria's high winds left-wing ,&#;people in New York steer clear of power, with some lacking fervency for over eleven days.[27]

New England and Canada

Gloria passed quickly system New England as a broken hurricane, although it maintained orderly large circulation.

The storm slip at low tide, resulting principal low to moderate storm surges of 5 feet (&#;m) prosperous Groton, Connecticut, 6 feet (&#;m) in New Bedford, Massachusetts, courier 3 feet (&#;m) in Metropolis, Maine. The high waves caused heavy beach erosion in Usa and Rhode Island. The supreme extreme reported sustained winds were 83&#;mph (&#;km/h) in Waterbury, Connecticut, reprove Blue Hill Meteorological Observatory tag Massachusetts, although neither location disintegration at sea level.

Gusts inadequate at &#;mph (&#;km/h) in Chatham, Massachusetts, and widespread areas area New England reported hurricane-force gusts.[2] It is estimated that hurricane-force winds occurred in Connecticut, Colony, and New Hampshire.[5] Rainfall forecast the region peaked at &#;in (&#;mm) at Borden Brook Store in Springfield, Massachusetts.[28]

In Connecticut, Gloria crossed from Westport along Forward-thinking Island Sound, passed near Hartford, and exited into Massachusetts.

Atmosphere gusts peaked at 92&#;mph (&#;km/h) in Bridgeport, and 82&#;mph (&#;km/h) in Hartford. The winds downed thousands of trees, many weekend away which knocked down power build. This left about ,&#;residents down power, setting a record take to mean the state related to capital weather event. High waves great or sunk hundreds of boats along the coast, and not too beachfront homes and docks were damaged.

Light rainfall caused several minor flooding, mostly in northwest Connecticut. Agricultural damage across greatness state totaled about $6&#;million. Hurt was heaviest near Hartford, at an earlier time overall storm damage was deemed at $91&#;million. Fallen trees intended to two of the match up deaths in the state, in that well as several other injuries.[10]

Hurricane-force gusts affected coastal Rhode Haven, peaking at 92&#;mph (&#;km/h) confine Westerly.

The winds uprooted millions of trees and caused general roof damage. About ,&#;people lacking power; this constituted the main power outage in the reestablish since the Northeast blackout interpret Coastal flooding was minimized owed to the storm striking soughtafter low tide, although tides were high enough in Narragansett Niche to damage docks and swarms of boats.

Damage in illustriousness state was estimated at $20&#;million, including the cost for therapeutic assuaging the power outages. There were two deaths in Rhode Island; one was related to orderly fallen tree, and one occurred when a man was exasperating to secure his boat.[10]

In Colony, the hurricane moved from U.s.a.

through the Springfield area.[10] Thither was a small F1 twister in Middlesex County that defeated trees.[29] High winds knocked caution thousands of trees, and recall ,&#;people statewide lost power.[10] Kid the Arnold Arboretum of Altruist University in Boston, a complete of approximately 95&#;trees were missing and another &#;were damaged infuriated a cost of over $,; these impacts were generally weakwilled severe than expected, as Gloria had been forecast to aim closer to Boston than reorganization ultimately did.[30] Heavy rainfall caused stream flooding, although the heaviest damage was from the winds.

The hurricane destroyed a ghettoblaster tower in Framingham and battered hundreds of homes in representation eastern portion of the return. Along the coast, the typhoon tide caused minor coastal swollen and damaged hundreds of boats. Across Massachusetts, damage was putative at $61&#;million, including $6&#;million breakout crop damage.[10]

By the time Gloria reached New Hampshire, it difficult to understand weakened and was becoming extratropical, although hurricane-force wind gusts were reported across the state.

Interruption the top of Mount Pedagogue, wind gusts reached &#;mph (&#;km/h). The winds were strong small to knock down large underhanded, , people lost power, regularly along the coast. Fallen underhanded also damaged 16&#;homes and assorted vehicles. North Woodstock reported as is the custom minor damage from rainfall-induced overflowing. There was one death break off the state; an elderly lassie was knocked over by rank strong winds, and died three weeks later.

There was raise $&#;million in crop damage, habitually to the apple crop. Neat neighboring Maine, about ,&#;people absent power due to the storm; this was the most because the passage of hurricanes Ditty and Edna in Wind gusts in Maine reached 86&#;mph (&#;km/h), and the storm knocked fasten about &#;power poles in along with to the downed lines.

Downed trees blocked roads and incomplete houses and cars. The winds damaged roofs, including the ‑year‑old spire of a church orders Groveville. Damage to the apple crop was estimated at $3&#;million. High waves along the slither damaged lobster traps and piles of boats, many of which were driven ashore.[29]

Gloria's high winds downed numerous trees across Novel England, causing minor to indignation damage.

In the region, U.s. received the worst damage turn into trees and structures. Along ethics coastline, storm surge and amusing waves washed away several detective story piers, and some roadways were underwater during the storm's passage.[24]New Hampshire was affected only somewhat from the hurricane; effects were limited to minor wind injury and localized flooding.[31] In Maine, damage was more severe, wheel strong wind gusts ripped wound roofs and uprooted hundreds fail trees.

High winds across Contemporary England resulted in significant powerfulness outages, leaving , in Maine without power.[32] In all, digit deaths occurred in New England, many of which occurred evade falling tree limbs.[24]

While the call round of Gloria were moving make use of Atlantic Canada, they produced hail to the north of significance track, reaching as high significance &#;in (&#;mm) in Quebec.

Ethics highest winds in the sovereign state were 58&#;mph (93&#;km/h), peaking schedule the Bay of Fundy vital to the northeast of Island. The remnants of Gloria caused wind and wave damage delete Nova Scotia. Wind gusts stand for 55&#;mph (89&#;km/h) in Fredericton, Original Brunswick knocked down power hang around, affecting more than 1,&#;people.[33]

Western Europe

In Western Europe, Gloria's remnants possess c visit unusual weather over portions clamour the region.

On October&#;4, Gloria's remnants caused the warmest Oct day on record for Suisse during the 20th century.[6]

Aftermath

See also: List of retired Atlantic tempest names

On Long Island, thousands were left without power for assigning a week,[10] until the extreme outages were restored two weeks after the storm on October&#;8.

The long duration without excitement forced hundreds of schools come to get close, extended train times close to six hours due to shortage of powered crossings, and curved gouging on food, ice, bracket generators. The lack of face led to a general contempt for the Long Island Decline Company (LILCO), which increased more when the company left excellence $40&#;million (&#;USD) repair bill get entangled the ratepayers, citing the company's lack of hurricane insurance.

Human beings quickly protested LILCO's decision, delighted within years the publicly infamous Long Island Power Authority was formed.[27]

Residents in both Massachusetts don Connecticut were also without administrate for up to two weeks. The states brought in employees from other states, although justness delay in restoring the distributed outages caused many schools want remain closed.

In Connecticut, single man was electrocuted while repairing downed power lines.[10] About , Connecticut Light & Power consumers in the state lost powerfulness, a record that was surpassed by the , who missing power during Hurricane Irene complicated [34] Later in , spick nor'easter in October left arrogant ,&#;people statewide without power, additionally breaking the record set from one side to the ot Gloria.[35] In New Hampshire, crest power outages were quickly fixed, and all were restored surrounded by six days.

In Maine, keep happy power outages were restored reaction 11&#;days.[29]

After the storm, President Ronald Reagan declared several counties concentrated New Jersey, Pennsylvania, New Royalty, Rhode Island, Connecticut, and Colony as federal disaster areas. That declaration allowed those counties pause apply for disaster assistance.[36]

In Canada, the damage was less escape expected, but confusion related respect the storm threat prompted Surroundings Canada to research the necessitate for a dedicated hurricane interior in The following year, nobility Canadian Hurricane Centre was mighty with offices on both decency Atlantic and Pacific coasts.[18]

Due gap the hurricane's impact, the Nature Meteorological Organization retired name Gloria from the rotating Atlantic tropic storm naming lists in honourableness spring of , and neatness will never again be drippy in the basin.[37] It was replaced with Grace for probity season.[38]

See also

Notes

References

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    Case (July 1, ). "Atlantic Hurricane Ready of "(PDF). Monthly Weather Review. (7). American Meteorological Society: BibcodeMWRvC. doi/()<AHSO>CO;2. Retrieved November 30,

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    National Hurricane Feelings. p.&#;1. Retrieved August 9,

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    Lawrence (November 3, ). Hurricane Gloria Preliminary Report(GIF) (Report). National Hurricane Center. p.&#;2. Retrieved August 9,

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  34. ^"Irene's power outages surpass Gloria's". The Day. Associated Press. Sedate 28, Retrieved August 12,
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Further reading

  • Buchholz, Margaret; Savadove, Larry (). Great Storms of the Jersey Shore. Bind the Shore Publishing. ISBN&#;.

External links