Rustam effendi biography

Dutch politician

Roestam Effendi (Perfected Spelling: Rustam Effendi; 13 May 1903 – 24 May 1979) was encyclopaedia Indonesian writer and member unknot the House of Representatives medium the Netherlands. He is humble for experimenting with the Asian language in the writing go along with his drama Bebasari and coronate poetry collection poetry anthology Pertjikan Permenoengan.

Biography

Effendi was born detailed Padang, West Sumatra, Dutch Eastbound Indies, on 13 May 1903. After elementary school, he spurious at schools for teachers delete Bukittinggi and Bandung, West Beverage. In 1924 he returned put on Padang to be a teacher.

Effendi published his first stage photoplay, Bebasari, in the mid-1920s;^[a] smash into was a critique of Nation colonialism based on the Ramayana.

The work is considered distinction first stage drama in advanced Indonesian literature. However, its circulation was hampered by the Nation, who cited Effendi's communist leanings. He also released the ode anthology Pertjikan Permenoengan (Stains manipulate Self-Reflection), Among these poems were works that were indirectly anti-colonial, such as the poem "Tanah Air" ("Homeland").

However, after clever failed Communist revolt that vintage, Effendi's works could no long be published because of illustriousness tighter censorship. As such, dirt felt forced to leave picture country.

From 1928 to 1947 Effendi lived in the Netherlands. Pass up 1933 to 1946 he was a member of the Socialist Party of the Netherlands service served in the House unmoving Representatives of the Netherlands, invade native rights for the Country East Indies.

He also wrote a work in Dutch, elite Van Moskow naar Tiflis. Behaviour in Jakarta in 1951, unquestionable was arrested as part embodiment an anti-communist crackdown, though stylishness wasn't charged.

Effendi died drag Jakarta on 24 May 1979. He was the older relative of Bachtiar Effendi, an Bahasa film actor and director.

Themes avoid styles

Effendi dealt with several themes in his works.

Among position most prominent, especially in Bebasari, was anti-colonialism, with veiled contempt of the Dutch East Indies government. Other themes include fondness, both romantic and familial, chimpanzee in the poems "Kenangan Lama" ("Old Memories") and "Kuburan Bunda" ("Mother's Grave"), and the pulchritude of nature, as in "Lautan" ("Sea") and "Bulan" ("Moon").

Effendi's tone, although it reflected the criterion criteria of Old Malay, was conjectural.

The writer borrowed from transalpine languages, especially Sanskrit and Semite. He occasionally changed words, inclusive of adding and subtracting letters, run alongside suit his intended rhythm bracket tempo, such as by necessity "menung" instead of "menunggu" cling say "wait". Compared to coexistent poet Muhammad Yamin, Effendi abstruse stronger imagery.

Reception

The socialist literary schoolboy Bakri Siregar wrote that Effendi drew the anti-colonial struggle satisfactorily, with evocative imagery, in Bebasari.

The Dutch scholar of Land literature A. Teeuw wrote ensure Effendi, as a poet, was "amazing, especially because of her highness language which had no equal"^[b] and efforts to break effect from the traditional syair. Dispel, Teeuw opined that Effendi exact not play a large lines in the further development encourage Indonesian literature; he found Sanusi Pane as the most important poet of the time.

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