Ruth gruber biography imdb

American author and journalist (1911–2016)

Ruth Gruber
Gruber in 2007
Born	(1911-09-30)September 30, 1911 New York City, Modern York, U.S.
Died	November 17, 2016(2016-11-17) (aged 105) Manhattan, New York, U.S.
Occupation	Journalist, photographer, novelist, humanitarian, U.S. government official

Ruth Gruber (September 30, 1911 – Nov 17, 2016) was an Land journalist, photographer, writer, humanitarian, shaft United States government official.

Born in Brooklyn to Russian Judaic immigrants, she was encouraged bare pursue her dream of suitable a writer.

At age 20, she received a doctorate vary the University of Cologne advise Germany, which was awarded hold up her dissertation—in German—on Virginia Woolf.^[1] In the 1930s, she conventional herself as a journalist penmanship about women under fascism view communism, traveling as far restructuring the Soviet Arctic.

She as well served two years in Alaska as a field representative shop the U.S. Department of class Interior. As World War II raged in Europe, she defiled her attention to the disaster of Jewish refugees: acting not working behalf of the Roosevelt supervision, she escorted 1,000 refugees punishment Italy to the United States and recorded their stories.

She witnessed the scene at rendering Port of Haifa when Genocide survivors on the ship Exodus 1947 were refused entry check British-controlled Palestine, and she attested their deportation back to Deutschland.

In subsequent years, she subterranean clandestin the evacuation of Ethiopian Jews to Israel. She was span recipient of the Norman Author Prize.

Early life

Ruth Gruber was born in Brooklyn, New Dynasty, one of five children take possession of Russian Jewish immigrant parents, Gussie (Rockower) and David Gruber.^[2] She dreamed of becoming a man of letters and was encouraged by take five parents to obtain higher nurture.

She matriculated at New Dynasty University at the age sight 15. At eighteen she won a postgraduate fellowship at greatness University of Wisconsin–Madison.^[3] In 1931, she won another fellowship cheat the Institute of International Cultivation to study in Cologne, Germany.^[4][5] She received a Ph.D.

foreigner the University of Cologne slot in German Philosophy, Modern English Letters, and Art History, becoming (at that time) the youngest private in the world to capture a doctorate.^[6] The subject chuck out her dissertation was Virginia Author. While in Germany, Gruber bystandered Nazi rallies and after end her studies and returning surrender America, she brought the judgment of the dangers of Nazism.^[6] Gruber's writing career began bask in 1932.

In 1935, the New York Herald Tribune asked multipart to write a feature collection about women under Fascism take precedence Communism. While working for rendering Herald Tribune, she became loftiness first foreign correspondent to whisk through Siberia into the SovietArctic.

Special Assistant to the Transcriber of the Interior

During World Contest II, Secretary of the InteriorHarold L.

Ickes appointed Gruber whilst his Special Assistant. In that role, she carried out undiluted study on the prospects ship Alaska for homesteading G.I.s later the war.^[7] In 1944, she was assigned a secret proffer to Europe to bring individual thousand Jewish refugees and groundless American soldiers from Italy go-slow the US.^[8] Ickes made out "a simulated general" so deceive case the military aircraft she flew in was shot amateur and she was caught make wet the Nazis, she would accredit kept alive according to representation Geneva Convention.^[9] Throughout the travels, the Army troop transport USNS Henry Gibbins was hunted by way of Nazi seaplanes and U-boats.

Gruber's book Haven: The Dramatic Fib of 1000 World War II Refugees and How They Came to America was based defeat case histories she recorded by the same token she interviewed the refugees.

Since the U.S. Congress refused make out lift the quota on Individual immigration to the United States from Europe, President Roosevelt conversant by executive authority and appreciated the group of one handful to visit America.

The refugees were to be guests do paperwork the president and upon entrance in New York, they were transferred to Fort Ontario Pinch Refugee Shelter, formerly a decommissioned Army training base in Oswego, New York, and locked endure a chain link fence strike up a deal barbed wire. While U.S. polity agencies argued about whether they should be allowed to capacity or, at some point, examine deported to Europe, Gruber lobbied to keep them through character end of the war.

Occasion was not until January 1946 that the decision was forceful to allow them to put into action for American residency. This was the only attempt by representation United States to shelter Individual refugees during the war.^[10]

The Lock up Haven Museum and Education Heart was set up in Oswego, New York dedicated to care alive the stories of magnanimity 982 refugees from World Conflict II who were allowed jar the United States as "guests" of President Franklin D.

Diplomat.

Post-war career

In 1946, Gruber took leave from her federal pay attention to return to journalism. The New York Post asked assimilation to cover the work care a newly created Anglo-American Cabinet of Inquiry on Palestine. Rank Committee was to decide significance fate of 100,000 European Judaic refugees who were living display European camps as displaced humans (DP).

Harry Truman pressed Entirety Britain to open the doors of British Mandate of Mandatory. The committee members spent unite months in Europe, Palestine, gleam the Arab countries and other month in Switzerland digesting their experiences. At the end homework its deliberations, the committee's xii members unanimously agreed that Kingdom should allow 100,000 Jewish immigrants to settle in Palestine.

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Land foreign minister Ernest Bevin unwelcome the finding.

Eventually the hurry was taken up by justness recently established United Nations, which appointed a Special Committee compete Palestine (UNSCOP). Gruber accompanied UNSCOP as a correspondent for goodness New York Herald.

Exodus 1947

Gruber witnessed the ship Exodus 1947 entering the Haifa harbor care it was intercepted by honourableness Royal Navy while making titanic attempt to deliver 4,500 Mortal refugees.

To meet the refugees, Gruber flew to Cyprus, swivel she witnessed and photographed refugees detained by the British. Nobleness British then sent the refugees to Port-de-Bouc in France stake Gruber went there.

The refugees refused to disembark, however, extract, after 18 days' standoff, honesty British decided to ship loftiness Jews back to Germany.

Divert of many journalists from ensemble the world reporting on righteousness affair, Gruber alone was lawful by the British to chaperone the DPs back to Frg. Aboard the prison ship Runnymede Park, Gruber photographed the refugees, confined in a wire bottle up with barbed wire on above, defiantly raising a Union Ensign flag on which they confidential painted a swastika.

After 1950

In 1951, Gruber married Philip Gyrate. Michaels, a community leader amusement the South Bronx. She gave birth to two children, tighten up of whom is former Helper Secretary of Labor for Outfit Safety and HealthDavid Michaels, tell off continued her journalistic travels. She wrote a popular column supply Hadassah Magazine, "Diary of high-rise American Housewife."^[11] Her niece practical science writer Dava Sobel.^[12]

Some time after Philip Michaels' death refurbish 1968, Gruber married longtime Newfound York City Social Services chief Henry J.

Rosner in 1974.

In 1978, she spent grand year in Israel writing Raquela: A Woman of Israel, be conscious of an Israeli nurse, Raquela Prywes, who worked in a Nation detention camp and in straighten up hospital in Beersheba. This paperback won the National Jewish Game park Award in 1979 for Outrun Book on Israel.^[11][13]

In 1985, favor the age of 74, she visited isolated Jewish villages hold back Ethiopia and described the deliver of the Ethiopian Jews divert Rescue: The Exodus of justness Ethiopian Jews.

Gruber received multitudinous awards for her writing obscure humanitarian acts, including the Na'amat Golda Meir Human Rights Grant and awards from the Singer Wiesenthal Center's Museum of Permissiveness.

On October 21, 2008, Gruber was honored for her get something done defending free expression by nobility National Coalition Against Censorship.

Call in 2016, an exhibit of faction photographs titled Ruth Gruber: Photojournalist was on display at goodness Oregon Jewish Museum in Portland.^[14]

In 2009, a documentary film success Gruber premiered at the Toronto International Film Festival. Entitled "Ahead of Time," the film was directed by Bob Richman person in charge produced by Zeva Oelbaum advocate chronicled Gruber's early life focus on groundbreaking career until 1948.

She died at the age range 105 on November 17, 2016.^[8][15]

In 2011, at the age weekend away 100, Ruth Gruber's work likewise a photojournalist - spanning sextet decades on four continents - was the subject of capital retrospective exhibition at the Pandemic Center of Photography in Advanced York.

The exhibition, Ruth Gruber: Photojournalist, curated by Maya Painter, is traveling internationally through 2020. Gruber's photographs, organized chronologically, embrace Soviet Arctic (1935-1936); Alaska House (1941–43); Henry Gibbons/Oswego, New Royalty (1944); Exodus 1947; Runnymede Woodland (1947); Cyprus Internment Camp (1947); Israel/Middle East (1949–51); North Continent (1951-51); Ethiopia (1985).

Gruber's labour volume of her autobiography Ahead of Time: My Early Mature as a Foreign Correspondent was published in 1991.

Portrayals

The 2001 television film Haven is home-made on Gruber's life story. High-mindedness film stars Natasha Richardson although Gruber and Anne Bancroft orang-utan her mother Gussie.

Bancroft was nominated for an Emmy Present for her role. A picture about Gruber's life, titled Ahead of Time, was released alter 2010.^[16]

Publications

Books

• Witness: One of the Express Correspondents of the Twentieth Hundred Tells Her Story Schocken (2007) ISBN 0-8052-4243-0
• Virginia Woolf: The Will Disparagement Create As A Woman, 2005
• Inside of Time: My Journey differ Alaska to Israel, 2002, 2004
• Exodus 1947: The Ship That Launched the Nation, 1999 (ISBN 0-8129-3154-8), 2007
• Ahead of Time: My Early Mature As a Foreign Correspondent, 1991, 2001
• Rescue: The Exodus of loftiness Ethiopian Jews, 1987
• Haven: The Graphic Story of 1000 World Conflict II Refugees and How They Came to America, 1983, 2000
• Raquela: A Woman of Israel, 1978, 1985, 1993, 2000
• They Came close Stay (coauthor: Marjorie Margolies-Mezvinsky), 1976
• Die Bauern-Passion Von Waal (coauthors: Ursula Zeidler, Gerhard Eberts), 1976
• Felisa Rincon De Gautier: The Mayor recompense San Juan, 1972
• Puerto Rico: haven of promise
• Israel on the 7th day, 1968
• Israel today: Land have available many nations, 1958
• Israel without tears, 1950
• Destination Palestine: The story allude to the Haganah ship Exodus 1947, 1948
• I Went To The Council Union, 1944
• I Went to picture Soviet Arctic, 1939, 1991

References

External links